The Zero Point: A Study of Light, Numbers, & Measurement Kindle Edition

For centuries, people have wondered why the physical world can be described in terms of numbers. Most numbers are composites, but a few—an infinite few—are prime and not factorable. What makes prime numbers special?Leonard Euler established the relationship between prime numbers and complex numbers. But it was a story relating prime numbers to the zeros of a complex series called the zeta function and to the frequencies of atomic orbitals of heavy atoms that caught the author’s interest.From the prime number sequence in modular arithmetic, the author establishes that the prime numbers in different mods display the symmetries of the fields of nature. These forces of nature have been organized into sets of spin networks: mod2, Higgs field; mod3, strong force; mod5, electroweak force; and mod7, gravity.When p + pi (p = prime) is plotted in polar coordinates, the graph forms a set of spirals and rays that encode the symmetry of the forces of nature. In the top figure, you can see the factoring of the 280 rays and 72 ray sets. The system encodes sets of periodicities across the ray sets. This is the first fused harmonic oscillator of light.The bottom figure, shown with a black background, shows the angles and spins of the plot at the origin. The strong force lines are in red, and the weak force lines are in yellow. The spin components are indicated as pi and e.There are four force ray sets. Two labeled ED are the strong force rays giving you energy in the form of mass and distance. The other two lines are the electroweak lines, which combine with the strong force lines to give you Ev, energy in the form of frequency.The prime numbers in complex space form a set of moiré patterns, which form the basis of a second set of orthogonal periodicities, which is the basis for the fused harmonic oscillator of light.The author establishes the basis for considering the forces of nature to be a hypergraph. Read more